BILLS OF EXCHANGE ORDINANCE ——附加英文版
Hong Kong
BILLS OF EXCHANGE ORDINANCE
(CHAPTER 19)
ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
ion
I PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS
hort title
nterpretation
II BILLS OF EXCHANGE
and Interpretation
efinition of bill of exchange
nland and foreign bills
ffect where different parties to bill are the same person
ddress to drawee
ertainty required as to payee
hat bills are negotiable
um payable
Bill payable on demand
Bill payable at future time
Omission of date in bill payable after date
Ante-dating and post-dating
Computation of time of payment
Referee in case of need
Optional stipulations by drawer or indorser
Definition and requisites of acceptance
Time for acceptance
General and qualified acceptance
Inchoate instruments
Delivery
city and authority of parties
Capacity of parties
Signature essential to liability
Forged or unauthorized signature
Procuration signature
Person signing as agent or in representative capacity
Corporate signatures
ideration for bill
Value and holder for value
Accommodation party
Holder in due course
Presumption of value and good faith
tiation of bill
Negotiation of bill
Requisites of valid indorsement
Conditional indorsement
Indorsement in blank and special indorsement
Restrictive indorsement
Negotiation of overdue or dishonoured bill
Negotiation of bill to party already liable thereon
Rights and powers of holder
ral duties of the holder
When presentment for acceptance is necessary
Time for presenting bill payable after sight
Rules as to presentment for acceptance, and excuses for non-
entment
Non-acceptance
Dishonour by non-acceptance and its consequences
Duties as to qualified acceptances
Rules as to presentment for payment
Excuses for delay or non-presentment for payment
Dishonour by non-payment
Notice of dishonour and effect of non-notice
Rules as to notice of dishonour
Excuses for non-notice and delay
Noting or protest of bill
Duties of holder as regards drawee or acceptor
ilities of parties
Funds in hands of drawee
Liability of acceptor
Liability of drawer or indorser
Stranger signing bill liable as indorser
Measure of damages against parties to dishonoured bill
Transferor by delivery and transferee
harge of bill
Payment in due course
Banker paying demand draft whereon indorsement is forged
Acceptor the holder at maturity
Express waiver
Cancellation
Alteration of bill
ptance and payment for honour
Acceptance for honour supra protest
Liability of acceptor for honour
Presentment to acceptor for honour
Payment for honour supra protest Lost instrument
Holder's right to duplicate of lost bill
Action on lost bill
in a set
Rules as to bill in set
lict of laws
Rules where laws conflict
III CHEQUES ON A BANKER
Definition of cheque
Presentment of cheque for payment
Revocation of banker's authority Crossed cheques
Definition of general and special crossings
Crossing by drawer or after issue
Crossing a material part of cheque
Duties of banker as to crossed cheque
Protection to banker and drawer where cheque is crossed
Effect of crossing on holder
Drafts on bankers payable to order on demand sufficient authority
for
ent without proof of indorsement
Protection of bankers paying unindorsed or irregularly indorsed
ues, etc.
Rights of bankers collecting cheques not indorsed by
ers
Unindorsed cheques as evidence of payment
Protection of bankers collecting payment of cheques, etc.
Application of provisions of this part to instruments not being
bills
xchange
Saving
IV PROMISSORY NOTES
Definition of promissory note
Delivery necessary
Joint and several notes
Note payable on demand
Presentment for payment
Liability of maker
Application of Part II to notes
V SUPPLEMENTARY
Good faith
Signature
Computation of time
When noting equivalent to protest
Protest when notary not accessible
Crossing of dividend warrant
Saving
dule. Form of protest, without notary
odify the law relating to bills of exchange, cheques and
promissory
s. [4 May 1885]
PART I PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS
ed 51 of 1911; 63 of 1911 Schedule)
hort title
Ordinance may be cited as the Bills of Exchange Ordinance.
nded 5 of 1924 s. 6)
1882 c. 61 s. 1U. K.]
nterpretation
his Ordinance, unless the context otherwise requires--
eptance" means an acceptance completed by delivery or
notification;
ion" means action or suit and includes counterclaim and set-off;
ker" includes a body of persons, whether incorporated or
not, who
y on the business of banking;
krupt" includes any person whose estate is vested in a
trustee or
gnee under the law relating to bankruptcy; (Amended 50 of 1911;
62 of
Schedule)
rer" means the person in possession of a bill or note
h is payable to bearer;
l" means bill of exchange, and "note"
s promissory note;
ivery" means transfer of possession, actual or
tructive, from one person to another;
eral holiday" has the same meaning as in the Holidays Ordinance
(Cap.
; (Added 5 of 1912 s. 8)
der" means the payee or indorsee of a bill or note who
is in
ession of it, or the bearer thereof;
orsement" means an indorsement completed by delivery;
ue" means the first delivery of a bill or note, complete in form,
to a
on who takes it as a holder;
son" includes a body of persons, whether incorporated or not;
ue" means valuable consideration.
nded 43 of 1912 Schedule)
1882 c. 61 s. 2 U. K.]
PART II BILLS OF EXCHANGE
nded 51 of 1911; 63 of 1911 Schedule)
and Interpretation
efinition of bill of exchange
A bill of exchange is an unconditional order in writing, addressed
by
person to another, signed by the person giving it,
requiring the
on to whom it is addressed to pay on demand or at a
fixed or
rminable future time a sum certain in money to, or to the order
of, a
ified person or to bearer.
An instrument which does not comply with these conditions, or
which
rs any act to be done in addition to the payment of money, is
not a
of exchange.
An order to pay out of a particular fund is not
nditional within the meaning of this section; but an unqualified
order
ay, coupled with--
an indication of a particular fund out of which the drawee
is to
burse himself or a particular account to be debited with the
amount;
a statement of the transaction which gives rise to the
bill, is
nditional.
A bill is not invalid by reason--
that it is not dated;
that it does not specify the value given or that any value has
been
n therefor;
that it does not specify the place where it is drawn
he place where it is payable.
1882 c. 61 s. 3 U. K.]
nland and foreign bills
An inland bill is a bill which is or on the face of it purports
to be-
both drawn and payable within the Colony; or
drawn within the Colony, upon some person resident therein.
Any other bill is a foreign bill.
Unless the contrary appears on the face of the bill, the holder
may
t it as an inland bill.
1882 c. 61 s. 4 U. K.]
ffect where different parties to bill are the same person
A bill may be drawn payable to, or to the order of, the drawer;
or it
be drawn payable to, or to the order of, the drawee.
Where, in a bill, drawer and drawee are the same person, or where
the
ee is a fictitious person or a person not having capacity to
contract,
holder may treat the instrument, at his option, either as a
bill of
ange or as a promissory note. [cf. 1882 c. 61 s. 5 U. K.]
ddress to drawee
The drawee must be named or otherwise indicated in a
bill with
onable certainty.
A bill may be addressed to two or more drawees,
her they are partners or not, but an order addressed to two drawees
in
alternative, or to two or more drawees in succession, is not a
bill of
ange.
1882 c. 61 s. 6 U. K.]
ertainty required as to payee
Where a bill is not payable to bearer, the payee must be
named or
rwise indicated therein with reasonable certainty.
A bill may be made payable to two or more payees jointly, or it
may be
payable in the alternative to one of two or one or some of
several
es. A bill may also be made payable to the bolder of an office
for the
being.
Where the payee is a fictitious or non-existing person, the bill
may
reated as payable to bearer.
1882 c. 61 s. 7 U. K.]
hat bills are negotiable
Where a bill contains words prohibiting transfer, or
indicating an
ntion that it should not be transferable, it is valid as between
the
ies thereto, but is not negotiable.
A negotiable bill may be payable either to order or to bearer.
A bill is payable to bearer which is expressed to be so payable,
or on
h the only or last indorsement is an indorsement in blank.
A bill is payable to order which is expressed to be so payable,
or
h is expressed to be payable to a particular person, and
does not
ain words prohibiting transfer or indicating an intention
that it
ld not be transferable.
Where a bill, either originally or by
rsement, is expressed to be payable to the order of a
specified
on, and not to him or his order, it is nevertheless payable to
him or
order at his option.
1882 c. 61 s. 8 U. K.]
um payable
The sum payable by a bill is a sum certain within the meaning of
this
nance, although it is required to be paid--
with interest;
by stated instalments;
by stated instalments, with a provision that, upon default in
payment
ny instalment, the whole shall become due;
according to an indicated rate of exchange or according to a rate
of
ange to be ascertained as directed by the bill.
Where the sum payable is expressed in words and also in figures,
and
e is a discrepancy between the two, the sum denoted by the words
is
amount payable.
Where a bill is expressed to be payable with
rest, unless the instrument otherwise provides, interest runs
from the
of the bill, and, if the bill is undated, from the issue thereof.
1882 c. 61 s. 9 U. K.]
Bill payable on demand
A bill is payable on demand--
which is expressed to be payable on demand, or at sight,
or on
entation; or
in which no time for payment is expressed.
Where a bill is accepted or indorsed when it is overdue, it shall,
as
rds the acceptor who so accepts or any indorser who so indorses
it, be
ed a bill payable on demand.
1882 c. 61 s. 10 U. K.]
Bill payable at future time
A bill is payable at a determinable future time within the meaning
of
Ordinance which is expressed to be payable--
at a fixed period after date or sight;
on or at a fixed period after the occurrence of a specified
event
h is certain to happen, though the time of happening may be
uncertain.
An instrument expressed to be payable on a contingency is not a
bill,
the happening of the event does not cure the defect.
1882 c. 61 s. 11 U. K.]
Omission of date in bill payable after date
e a bill expressed to be payable at a fixed period after
date is
ed undated, or where the acceptance of a bill payable at a
fixed
od after sight is undated, any holder may insert therein the true
date
ssue or acceptance, and the bill shall be payable
accordingly:
ided that--
where the holder in good faith and by mistake inserts a wrong
date;
n every case where a wrong date is inserted, if the bill
equently comes into the hands of a holder in due course, the
bill
l not be avoided thereby, but shall operate and be payable as if
the
so inserted had been the true date. [cf. 1882 c. 61 s. 12 U. K.]
Ante-dating and post-dating
Where a bill or an acceptance or any indorsement on a bill is
dated,
date shall, unless the contrary is proved, be deemed to be the
true
of the drawing, acceptance, or indorsement, as the case may be.
A bill is not invalid by reason only that it is ante-dated or
post-
d, or that it bears date on a Sunday or any other general holiday.
nded 5 of 1912 s. 8) [cf. 1882 c. 61 s. 13 U. K.]
Computation of time of payment
e a bill is not payable on demand, the day on which it falls due
is
rmined as follows--
the bill is due and payable in all cases on the last day of the
time
ayment as fixed by the bill or, if that is a general holiday, on
the
eeding business day; (Replaced 67 of 1972 s. 2) [cf. 1971 c. 80
s. 3
U. K.]
where a bill is payable at a fixed period after date, after sight,
or
r the happening of a specified event, the time of
payment is
rmined by excluding the day from which the time is to begin to
run and
ncluding the day of payment;
where a bill is payable at a fixed
od after sight, the time begins to run form the date of the
acceptance
he bill is accepted, and from the date of noting or protest if
the
is noted or protested for non-acceptance or for non-delivery;
the
"month" in a bill means calendar month.
1882 c. 61 s. 14 U. K.]
Referee in case of need
drawer of a bill and any indorser may insert therein the name
of a
on to whom the holder may resort in case of need, that is to say,
in
the bill is dishonoured by non-acceptance or non-payment. Such
person
alled the referee in case of need. It is in the option of the
holder
esort to the referee in case of need or not, as he may think fit.
1882 c. 61 s. 15 U. K.]
Optional stipulations by drawer or indorser
drawer of a bill and any indorser may insert therein an
express
ulation--
negativing or limiting his own liability to the holder;
waiving, as regards himself, some or all of the holder's duties.
[cf.
c. 61 s. 16 U. K.]
Definition and requisites of acceptance
The acceptance of a bill is the signification by the drawee of
his
nt to the order of the drawer.
An acceptance is invalid unless it complies with the
following
itions, namely--
it must be written on the bill and be signed by
drawee. The mere signature of the drawee, without additional
words, is
icient;
it must not express that the drawee will perform his promise by
any
r means than the payment of money.
1882 c. 61 s. 17 U. K.]
Time for acceptance
A bill may be accepted--
before it has been signed by the drawer, or while
otherwise
mplete;
when it is overdue, or after it has been dishonoured by a
ious refusal to accept or by non-payment.
When a bill payable after sight is dishonoured by non-acceptance,
and
drawee subsequently accepts it, the holder, in the absence
of any
erent agreement, is entitled to have the bill accepted as of the
date
irst presentment of the drawee for acceptance.
nded 51 of 1911; 63 of 1911 Schedule)
1882 c. 61 s. 18 U. K.]
General and qualified acceptance
An acceptance is either (a) general; or (b) qualified.
A general acceptance assents without qualification to the order
of the
er. A qualified acceptance in express terms varies the effect of
the
as drawn.
In particular, an acceptance is qualified which is--
conditional, that is to say, which makes payment by the
acceptor
ndent on the fulfilment of a condition therein stated,
partial, that is to say, an acceptance to pay part only of the
amount
which the bill is drawn;
local, that is to say, an acceptance to pay only at a
particular
ified place; an acceptance to pay at a particular place is a
general
ptance, unless it expressly states that the bill is to be paid
there
and not elsewhere;
qualified as to time;
the acceptance of some one or more of the drawees, but not of all.
1882 c. 61 s. 19 U. K.]
Inchoate instruments
Where a simple signature on a blank paper is delivered by the
signer
rder that it may be converted into a bill, it operates as a
prima
e authority to fill it up as a complete bill for any amount, using
the
ature for that of the drawer, or the acceptor, or an indorser;
and, in
manner, when a bill is wanting in any material particular, the
person
ossession of it has a prima facie authority to fill up the omission
in
way he thinks fit. (Amended 31 of 1981 s. 65)
In order that any such instrument, when completed, may be
enforceable
nst any person who became a party thereto prior to its completion,
it
be filled up within a reasonable time and strictly in accordance
with
authority given. Reasonable time for this purpose is a
question of
: Provided that if any such instrument after completion is
negotiated
holder in due course, it shall be valid and effectual
for all
oses in his hands, and he may enforce it as if it had been filled
up
in a reasonable time and strictly in accordance with the
authority
n. [cf. 1882 c. 61 s. 20 U. K.]
Delivery
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天津市实施《中华人民共和国农业技术推广法》办法
天津市人大常委会
天津市实施《中华人民共和国农业技术推广法》办法
天津市人大常委会
(1994年10月18日天津市第十二届人民代表大会常务委员会第十一次会议通过 1994年10月18日公布施行)
目 录
第一章 总 则
第二章 农业技术推广行政部门的职责
第三章 农业技术推广体系
第四章 农业技术的推广与应用
第五章 农业技术推广的保障措施
第六章 奖励与惩罚
第七章 附 则
第一章 总 则
第一条 根据《中华人民共和国农业技术推广法》和其他有关法律、法规,结合本市实际情况,制定本办法。
第二条 在本市行政区域内从事农业技术推广的单位和个人,必须遵守《中华人民共和国农业技术推广法》和本办法。
第三条 坚持依靠科学技术进步和发展教育振兴农村经济,加快农业科技成果和实用技术的推广应用,发展高产、优质、高效益农业。
第四条 各级人民政府应当鼓励和支持科技人员开发、推广应用先进的农业技术;鼓励和支持农业劳动者和农业生产经营组织接受农业技术推广人员的指导,应用先进的农业技术;鼓励和支持引进国外先进的农业技术,促进农业技术推广的国际合作与交流。
第五条 各级人民政府应当鼓励和支持农业科技人员和大学、中专毕业生到乡、镇从事农业技术推广工作。
第六条 市农业、林业、畜牧业、渔业、水利、农机等行政部门(以下简称农业技术推广行政部门)在市人民政府领导下,按照各自的职责,负责全市范围内有关的农业技术推广工作。
区、县农业技术推广行政部门在区、县人民政府的领导下,按照各自的职责,负责本行政区域内有关的农业技术推广工作。
各级人民政府科学技术行政部门对农业技术推广工作进行指导。
第二章 农业技术推广行政部门的职责
第七条 市农业技术推广行政部门参与制定市重点农业技术推广规划与计划,制定本系统农业技术推广规划与计划,并在全市范围内组织实施。
区、县农业技术推广行政部门参与制定区、县农业技术推广规划与计划,并在本行政区域内组织实施。
第八条 市和区、县农业技术推广行政部门,负责执行和宣传《中华人民共和国农业技术推广法》和本办法,检查执行情况,做好奖惩工作。
第九条 市和区、县农业技术推广行政部门负责指导和协调农业技术推广体系的建设,会同有关部门解决农业技术推广中的问题。
第十条 市和区、县农业技术推广行政部门负责了解农业技术推广情况,总结和交流农业技术推广工作经验。
第三章 农业技术推广体系
第十一条 农业技术推广,实行以市、区、县、乡、镇农业技术推广机构和村农业技术推广服务组织为主体,与农业科研单位、有关院校、群众性科技组织、农民技术人员相结合的推广体系。
各级人民政府应当鼓励和支持供销合作社、其他企业事业单位、社会团体以及社会各界的科技人员,到农村开展农业技术推广服务活动。
第十二条 市、区、县、乡、镇农业技术推广机构,是国家事业单位。各级人民政府应当保证农业技术推广机构的稳定,不得擅自撤销、合并。
乡、镇农业技术推广机构,受区、县农业技术推广行政部门和乡、镇人民政府的双重领导。
第十三条 市、区、县、乡、镇农业技术推广机构的职责是:
(一)参与制订本行政区域内农业技术推广规划、计划,并组织实施;
(二)对确定推广的农业技术进行试验、示范;
(三)参与农业科技成果的评定、技术标准的制定以及农业实用技术的审定;
(四)搜集、传递农业技术和农业经济信息,负责农业技术培训、宣传、咨询和服务;
(五)负责动植物疫病、虫害的预报与防治;
(六)指导下级农业技术推广机构、农业技术推广服务组织、群众性科技组织、农民技术人员和科技示范户的农业技术推广活动;
(七)总结农业技术推广工作经验。
第十四条 农业技术推广机构中的专业科技人员不得少于百分之七十。
从事农业技术推广的专业科技人员应当具有中等以上有关专业学历,其中具有大专以上有关学历的应当占百分之五十以上。不具备规定学历的,需经市和区、县人民政府有关部门组织的专业考核培训,达到相应的专业技术水平。
第十五条 村农业技术推广服务组织和农民技术人员,在乡、镇农业技术推广机构的指导下,负责宣传农业技术知识,落实农业技术推广措施,为农业劳动者提供技术服务。
村民委员会和村集体经济组织,应当推动、帮助村农业技术推广服务组织和农民技术人员开展工作,负责农业技术推广事宜。村民委员会应当确定一名成员负责农业技术推广工作。
第四章 农业技术的推广与应用
第十六条 推广农业技术应当确定农业技术推广项目。市重点农业技术推广项目,由市人民政府农业综合管理部门确定;市农业、林业、畜牧业、渔业、水利、农机等技术推广项目,分别由主管行政部门确定;区、县农业技术推广项目,由区、县人民政府确定。农业技术推广计划,由
市人民政府农业综合管理部门统一编制。
市重点农业技术推广项目应当列入市科技发展计划。
第十七条 农业科研单位和有关院校的研究成果,可以通过农业技术推广机构推广,也可以直接向农业劳动者和农业生产经营组织推广。
重大的农业技术推广项目,可以由市人民政府有关综合管理部门组织农业科研单位、有关院校和农业技术推广机构联合实施。
第十八条 禁止向农业劳动者推广未在推广地区经过试验证明具有先进性和适用性的农业技术。
禁止向农业劳动者强制推行农业技术。
第十九条 农业技术推广机构及其推广农业技术所需的经费,由同级人民政府财政拨给。农业技术推广机构向农业劳动者推广技术,除本条第二款规定的内容外,实行无偿服务。
农业技术推广机构、农业科研单位、有关院校以及科技人员,以技术转让、技术服务和技术承包等形式提供农业技术的,可以实行有偿服务,其合法收入受法律保护。进行农业技术转让、技术服务和技术承包,当事人各方应当订立书面合同,约定各自的权利和义务。
第五章 农业技术推广的保障措施
第二十条 市、区、县、乡、镇人民政府应当逐步提高对农业技术推广的投入,在财政预算内必须安排用于保障农业技术推广的资金,并使该项资金逐年增长,其增长幅度不得低于当年财政经常性收入的增长幅度。
第二十一条 市、区、县、乡、镇人民政府通过财政拨款以及从农业发展基金中提取一定比例的资金等渠道,筹集农业技术推广专项资金,用于实施农业技术推广项目。
农业技术推广专项资金的筹集、管理和使用办法,由市人民政府另行规定。
第二十二条 乡、镇和村集体经济组织,应当从其企业的以工补农、建农资金或者上缴乡、镇和村的承包费中提取一定比例的资金,用于乡、镇和村农业技术推广的投入。
第二十三条 各级人民政府应当采取措施,保障和改善农业技术推广机构的工作条件,保障进行农业技术推广必需的试验基地、工作用房、仪器设备和生产资料;保证农业技术推广人员的稳定和从事本职工作的时间;有计划地组织专业技术人员培训、进修,使他们不断更新知识,提高
业务水平。
第二十四条 各级人民政府应当保障从事农业技术推广工作的科技人员的生活条件,改善他们的工资、住房、医疗、退休等方面的待遇。对在乡、镇和村从事农业技术推广工作的专业科技人员的职称评定,应当以考核其推广工作的业务技术水平和实绩为主。
第二十五条 市和区、县农业技术推广行政部门和农业技术推广机构应当加强对农民技术人员的培训。经市和区、县农业技术推广行政部门考核符合条件的农民技术人员,应当按照有关规定授予其相应的技术职称并发给证书。
第二十六条 农业技术推广机构、农业科研单位和有关院校从事有偿服务、开展技术指导与物资供应相结合的经营服务、举办为农业服务的企业,各级财政、税务、金融和物资等部门应当按照国家有关规定在资金、税收、信贷和物资供应等方面给予优惠。其所得收入,主要用于改善农
业技术推广服务条件,上级部门不得提取、抽调和挪用。
第六章 奖励与惩罚
第二十七条 各级人民政府对在农业技术推广工作中做出突出成绩的单位和个人,应当给予表彰和奖励。
第二十八条 在乡、镇从事农业技术推广工作满20年以及在市和区、县从事农业技术推广工作满30年的农业科技人员,由市人民政府颁发荣誉证书。
第二十九条 侵占农业技术推广机构的试验基地、工作用房、仪器设备、生产资料和其他财产以及截留或者挪用农业技术推广专项资金的,对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员由其所在单位或者上级机关给予行政处分,并责令限期退还。
第三十条 违反本办法第十八条的规定,给农业劳动者造成经济损失的,应当承担民事赔偿责任;直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,由其所在单位或者上级机关给予行政处分。
第七章 附 则
第三十一条 本办法具体应用中的问题,由市人民政府农业综合管理部门负责解释。
第三十二条 本办法自公布之日起施行。
1994年10月18日