生鲜乳生产收购管理办法

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生鲜乳生产收购管理办法

农业部


中华人民共和国农业部令第15号

  《生鲜乳生产收购管理办法》已经2008年11月4日农业部第8次常务会议审议通过,现予发布,自公布之日起施行。

   部长 孙政才

   二○○八年十一月七日

  生鲜乳生产收购管理办法

第一章 总 则

  第一条 为加强生鲜乳生产收购管理,保证生鲜乳质量安全,促进奶业健康发展,根据《乳品质量安全监督管理条例》,制定本办法。

  第二条 本办法所称生鲜乳,是指未经加工的奶畜原奶。

  第三条 在中华人民共和国境内从事生鲜乳生产、收购、贮存、运输、出售活动,应当遵守本办法。

  第四条 奶畜养殖者、生鲜乳收购者、生鲜乳运输者对其生产、收购、运输和销售的生鲜乳质量安全负责,是生鲜乳质量安全的第一责任者。

  第五条 县级以上人民政府畜牧兽医主管部门负责奶畜饲养以及生鲜乳生产环节、收购环节的监督管理。

  县级以上人民政府其他有关部门在各自职责范围内负责生鲜乳质量安全监督管理的其他工作。

  第六条 生产、收购、贮存、运输、销售的生鲜乳,应当符合乳品质量安全国家标准。

  禁止在生鲜乳生产、收购、贮存、运输、销售过程中添加任何物质。

  第七条 省级人民政府畜牧兽医主管部门会同发展改革部门、工业和信息化部门、商务部门,制定本行政区域的奶业发展规划,加强奶源基地建设,鼓励和支持标准化规模养殖,完善服务体系,促进奶业健康发展。

  县级以上地方人民政府应当根据全国和省级奶业发展规划,合理确定本行政区域内奶畜养殖规模,科学安排生鲜乳的生产、收购布局。

  第八条 奶业协会应当加强行业自律,推动行业诚信建设,引导、规范奶畜养殖者、生鲜乳收购者依法生产经营。

  第二章 生鲜乳生产

  第九条 地方畜牧兽医技术推广机构,应当结合当地奶畜发展需要,向奶畜养殖者提供奶畜品种登记、奶牛生产性能测定、青粗饲料生产与利用、标准化养殖、奶畜疫病防治、粪便无害化处理等技术服务,并开展相关技术培训。

  鼓励大专院校、科研院所、乳制品生产企业及其他相关生产经营者为养殖者提供所需的服务。

  第十条 奶畜养殖场、养殖小区,应当符合法律、行政法规规定的条 件,并向县级人民政府畜牧兽医主管部门或者其委托的畜牧技术推广机构备案,获得奶畜养殖代码。

  鼓励乳制品生产企业建立自己的奶源基地,按照良好规范要求实施标准化生产和管理。

  第十一条 奶畜养殖场应当按照《乳品质量安全监督管理条 例》第十三条 规定建立养殖档案,准确填写有关信息,做好档案保存工作。奶畜养殖小区应当逐步建立养殖档案。

  县级人民政府畜牧兽医主管部门应当督促和指导奶畜养殖场、奶畜养殖小区依法建立科学、规范的养殖档案。

  第十二条 从事奶畜养殖,不得在饲料、饲料添加剂、兽药中添加动物源性成分(乳及乳制品除外),不得添加对动物和人体具有直接或者潜在危害的物质。

  第十三条 奶畜养殖者应当遵守农业部制定的生鲜乳生产技术规程。直接从事挤奶工作的人员应当持有有效的健康证明。

  奶畜养殖者对挤奶设施、生鲜乳贮存设施等应当在使用前后及时进行清洗、消毒,避免对生鲜乳造成污染,并建立清洗、消毒记录。

  第十四条 挤奶完成后,生鲜乳应当储存在密封的容器中,并及时做降温处理,使其温度保持在0~4℃之间。超过2小时未冷藏的,不得销售。

  第十五条 奶畜养殖者可以向符合本办法规定的生鲜乳收购站出售自养奶畜产的生鲜乳。

  第十六条 禁止出售下列生鲜乳:

  (一)经检测不符合健康标准或者未经检疫合格的奶畜产的;

  (二)奶畜产犊7日内的初乳,但以初乳为原料从事乳制品生产的除外;

  (三)在规定用药期和休药期内的奶畜产的;

  (四)添加其他物质和其他不符合乳品质量安全国家标准的。

  第三章 生鲜乳收购

  第十七条 省级人民政府畜牧兽医主管部门应当根据当地奶源分布情况,按照方便奶畜养殖者、促进规模化养殖的原则,制定生鲜乳收购站建设规划,对生鲜乳收购站进行科学合理布局。

  县级人民政府畜牧兽医主管部门应当根据本省的生鲜乳收购站建设规划,结合本地区奶畜存栏量、日产奶量、运输半径等因素,确定生鲜乳收购站的建设数量和规模,并报省级人民政府畜牧兽医主管部门批准。

  第十八条 取得工商登记的乳制品生产企业、奶畜养殖场、奶农专业生产合作社开办生鲜乳收购站,应当符合法定条 件,向所在地县级人民政府畜牧兽医主管部门提出申请,并提交以下材料:

  (一)开办生鲜乳收购站申请;

  (二)生鲜乳收购站平面图和周围环境示意图;

  (三)冷却、冷藏、保鲜设施和低温运输设备清单;

  (四)化验、计量、检测仪器设备清单;

  (五)开办者的营业执照复印件和法定代表人身份证明复印件;

  (六)从业人员的培训证明和有效的健康证明;

  (七)卫生管理和质量安全保障制度。

  第十九条 县级人民政府畜牧兽医主管部门应当自受理申请材料之日起20日内,完成申请材料的审核和对生鲜乳收购站的现场核查。符合规定条 件的,向申请人颁发生鲜乳收购许可证,并报省级人民政府畜牧兽医主管部门备案。不符合条 件的,书面通知当事人,并说明理由。

  第二十条 生鲜乳收购许可证有效期2年。有效期满后,需要继续从事生鲜乳收购的,应当在生鲜乳收购许可证有效期满30日前,持原证重新申请。重新申请的程序与原申请程序相同。

  生鲜乳收购站的名称或者负责人变更的,应当向原发证机关申请换发生鲜乳收购许可证,并提供相应证明材料。

  第二十一条 生鲜乳收购站的挤奶设施和生鲜乳贮存设施使用前应当消毒并晾干,使用后1小时内应当清洗、消毒并晾干;不用时,用防止污染的方法存放好,避免对生鲜乳造成污染。

  生鲜乳收购站使用的洗涤剂、消毒剂、杀虫剂和其他控制害虫的产品应当确保不对生鲜乳造成污染。

  第二十二条 生鲜乳收购站应当按照乳品质量安全国家标准对收购的生鲜乳进行感官、酸度、密度、含碱等常规检测。检测费用由生鲜乳收购站自行承担,不得向奶畜养殖者收取,或者变相转嫁给奶畜养殖者。

  第二十三条 生鲜乳收购站应当建立生鲜乳收购、销售和检测记录,并保存2年。

  生鲜乳收购记录应当载明生鲜乳收购站名称及生鲜乳收购许可证编号、畜主姓名、单次收购量、收购日期和时点。

  生鲜乳销售记录应当载明生鲜乳装载量、装运地、运输车辆牌照、承运人姓名、装运时间、装运时生鲜乳温度等内容。

  生鲜乳检测记录应当载明检测人员、检测项目、检测结果、检测时间。

  第二十四条 生鲜乳收购站收购的生鲜乳应当符合乳品质量安全国家标准。不符合乳品质量安全国家标准的生鲜乳,经检测无误后,应当在当地畜牧兽医主管部门的监督下销毁或者采取其他无害化处理措施。

  第二十五条 贮存生鲜乳的容器,应当符合散装乳冷藏罐国家标准。

  第四章 生鲜乳运输

  第二十六条 运输生鲜乳的车辆应当取得所在地县级人民政府畜牧兽医主管部门核发的生鲜乳准运证明。无生鲜乳准运证明的车辆,不得从事生鲜乳运输。

  生鲜乳运输车辆只能用于运送生鲜乳和饮用水,不得运输其他物品。

  生鲜乳运输车辆使用前后应当及时清洗消毒。

  第二十七条 生鲜乳运输车辆应当具备以下条 件:

  (一)奶罐隔热、保温,内壁由防腐蚀材料制造,对生鲜乳质量安全没有影响;

  (二)奶罐外壁用坚硬光滑、防腐、可冲洗的防水材料制造;

  (三)奶罐设有奶样存放舱和装备隔离箱,保持清洁卫生,避免尘土污染;

  (四)奶罐密封材料耐脂肪、无毒,在温度正常的情况下具有耐清洗剂的能力;

  (五)奶车顶盖装置、通气和防尘罩设计合理,防止奶罐和生鲜乳受到污染。

  第二十八条 生鲜乳运输车辆的所有者,应当向所在地县级人民政府畜牧兽医主管部门提出生鲜乳运输申请。县级人民政府畜牧兽医主管部门应当自受理申请之日起5日内,对车辆进行检查,符合规定条 件的,核发生鲜乳准运证明。不符合条 件的,书面通知当事人,并说明理由。

  第二十九条 从事生鲜乳运输的驾驶员、押运员应当持有有效的健康证明,并具有保持生鲜乳质量安全的基本知识。

  第三十条 生鲜乳运输车辆应当随车携带生鲜乳交接单。生鲜乳交接单应当载明生鲜乳收购站名称、运输车辆牌照、装运数量、装运时间、装运时生鲜乳温度等内容,并由生鲜乳收购站经手人、押运员、驾驶员、收奶员签字。

  第三十一条 生鲜乳交接单一式两份,分别由生鲜乳收购站和乳品生产者保存,保存时间2年。

  第五章 监督检查

  第三十二条 县级以上人民政府畜牧兽医主管部门应当加强对奶畜饲养以及生鲜乳生产、收购环节的监督检查,定期开展生鲜乳质量检测抽查,并记录监督抽查的情况和处理结果。需要对生鲜乳进行抽样检查的,不得收取任何费用。

  第三十三条 县级以上人民政府畜牧兽医主管部门在进行监督检查时,行使下列职权:

  (一)对奶畜养殖场所、生鲜乳收购站、生鲜乳运输车辆实施现场检查;

  (二)向有关人员调查、了解有关情况;

  (三)查阅、复制养殖档案、生鲜乳收购记录、购销合同、检验报告、生鲜乳交接单等资料;

  (四)查封、扣押有证据证明不符合乳品质量安全标准的生鲜乳;

  (五)查封涉嫌违法从事生鲜乳生产经营活动的场所,扣押用于违法生产、收购、贮存、运输生鲜乳的车辆、工具、设备;

  (六)法律、行政法规规定的其他职权。

  第三十四条 畜牧兽医主管部门应当建立生鲜乳生产者、收购者、运输者违法行为记录,及时提供给中国人民银行,由中国人民银行纳入企业信用信息基础数据库。

  第三十五条 省级以上人民政府畜牧兽医主管部门应当依法公布生鲜乳质量安全监督管理信息,并及时向同级卫生主管部门通报生鲜乳质量安全事故信息。

  第三十六条 县级以上人民政府畜牧兽医主管部门发现奶畜养殖者和生鲜乳收购者、运输者、销售者涉嫌犯罪的,应当及时移送公安机关立案侦查。

  第三十七条 任何单位和个人有权向畜牧兽医主管部门举报生鲜乳生产经营中的违法行为。各级畜牧兽医主管部门应当公布本单位的电子邮件地址或者举报电话;对接到的举报,应当完整地记录、保存。

  各级畜牧兽医主管部门收到举报的,对属于本部门职责范围内的事项,应当及时依法查处,对于实名举报,应当及时答复;对不属于本部门职责范围内的事项,应当及时移交有权处理的部门。

  第三十八条 县级人民政府畜牧兽医主管部门在监督检查中发现生鲜乳运输车辆不符合规定条 件的,应当收回生鲜乳准运证明,或者通报核发生鲜乳准运证明的畜牧兽医主管部门收回,同时通报有关乳制品加工企业。

  第三十九条 其他违反本办法规定的行为,依照《畜牧法》、《乳品质量安全监督管理条 例》的有关规定进行处罚。

第六章 附 则

  第四十条 本办法自发布之日起施行。

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中华人民共和国外汇管理暂行条例(附英文)

国务院


中华人民共和国外汇管理暂行条例(附英文)
国务院


(一九八0年十二月五日国务院常务会议通过)

第一章 总 则
第一条 为了加强外汇管理,增加国家外汇收入,节约外汇支出,有利于促进国民经济的发展,并维护国家权益,特制定本条例。
一切外汇的收入和支出,各种外汇票证的发行和流通,以及外汇、贵金属和外汇票证等进出中华人民共和国国境,都应当遵守本条例的规定。
第二条 本条例所称外汇系指:
一、外国货币:包括钞票、铸币等;
二、外币有价证券:包括政府公债、国库券、公司债券、股票、息票等;
三、外币支付凭证:包括票据、银行存款凭证、邮政储蓄凭证等;
四、其他外汇资金。
第三条 中华人民共和国对外汇实行由国家集中管理、统一经营的方针。
中华人民共和国管理外汇的机关为国家外汇管理总局及其分局。
中华人民共和国经营外汇业务的专业银行为中国银行。非经国家外汇管理总局批准,其他任何金融机构都不得经营外汇业务。
第四条 在中华人民共和国境内,除法律、法令和本条例另有规定者外,一切中外机构或者个人的外汇收入,都必须卖给中国银行,所需外汇由中国银行按照国家批准的计划或者有关规定卖给。
在中华人民共和国境内,禁止外币流通、使用、质押,禁止私自买卖外汇,禁止以任何形式进行套汇、逃汇。

第二章 对国家单位和集体经济组织的外汇管理
第五条 中国境内的机关、部队、团体、学校,国营企业、事业单位,城乡集体经济组织(以下统称境内机构)的外汇收入和支出,都实行计划管理。
国家允许境内机构按照规定持有留成外汇。
第六条 境内机构除经国家外汇管理总局或者分局批准,不得私自保存外汇,不得将外汇存放境外,不得以外汇收入抵作外汇支出,不得借用、调用国家驻外机构以及设在外国和港澳等地区的企业、事业单位的外汇。
第七条 境内机构非经国务院批准,不得在国内外发行具有外汇价值的有价证券。
第八条 境内机构接受外国或者港澳等地区的银行、企业的贷款,必须分别由国务院主管部门或者省、市、自治区人民政府汇总,编制年度贷款计划,经国家外汇管理总局和外国投资管理委员会核报国务院批准。
贷款审批办法,另行规定。
第九条 境内机构的留成外汇,非贸易和补偿贸易项下先收后付的备付外汇,贷入的自由外汇,以及经国家外汇管理总局或者分局批准持有的其他外汇,都必须在中国银行开立外汇存款帐户或者外汇额度帐户,按照规定的范围使用,并受中国银行监督。
第十条 境内机构进出口贷物,经办银行应当凭海关查验后的进出口许可证,或者凭进出口货物报关单,检查其外汇收支。
第十一条 国家驻外机构必须按照国家批准的计划使用外汇。
设在外国和港澳等地区的企业、事业单位从事经营所得的利润,除按照国家批准的计划可以留存当地营运者外,都必须按期调回,卖给中国银行。
一切驻外机构不得自行为境内机构保存外汇。
第十二条 临时派往外国和港澳等地区的代表团、工作组,必须分别按照各该专项计划使用外汇。公毕回国,必须将剩余的外汇及时调回,经核销后卖给中国银行。
前款代表团、工作组及其成员,从事各项业务活动所得外汇,必须及时调回;除经国家外汇管理总局或者分局批准,不得存放境外。

第三章 对个人的外汇管理
第十三条 居住在中国境内的中国人、外国侨民和无国籍人,由外国和港澳等地区汇入的外汇,除国家允许留存的部分外,必须卖给中国银行。
第十四条 居住在中国境内的中国人、外国侨民和无国籍人,存放在中国境内的外汇,允许个人持有。
前款外汇,不得私自携带、托带或者邮寄出境;如需出售,必须卖给中国银行,同时允许按照国家规定的比例留存部分外汇。
第十五条 居住在中国境内的中国人在中华人民共和国成立前、华侨在回国定居前、港澳同胞在回乡定居前,存放在外国或者港澳等地区的外汇,调回境内的,允许按照国家规定的比例留存部分外汇。
第十六条 派赴外国或者港澳等地区的工作人员、学习人员公毕返回,如汇入或者携入属于个人所有的外汇,允许全部留存。
第十七条 本条例第十三、十四、十五条规定的允许个人留存的外汇,其留存比例,另行规定。
本条例第十三、十四、十五、十六条规定的允许个人留存的外汇,必须存入中国银行。此项外汇存款,可以卖给中国银行,可以通过中国银行汇出境外,也可以凭中国银行证明携出境外;但是,不得将存款凭证私自携带、托带或者邮寄出境。
第十八条 来中国的外国人,短期回国的华侨、回乡的港澳同胞,应聘在中国境内机构工作的外籍专家、技术人员、职工,以及外籍留学生、实习生等,由外国或者港澳等地区汇入或者携入的外汇,可以自行保存,可以卖给或者存入中国银行,也可以汇出或者携出境外。
第十九条 居住在中国境内的中国人、外国侨民和无国籍人,如需购买外汇汇出或者携出境外,可以向当地外汇管理分局申请,经批准后,由中国银行卖给。
应聘在中国境内机构工作的外籍专家、技术人员和职工,汇出或者携出外汇,由中国银行按照合同、协议的规定办理。

第四章 对外国驻华机构及其人员的外汇管理
第二十条 各国驻华外交代表机构、领事机构、商务机构,驻华的国际组织机构和民间机构,外交官,领事官以及各该机构所属常驻人员,由外国或者港澳等地区汇入或者携入的外汇,可以自行保存,可以卖给或者存入中国银行,也可以汇出或者携出境外。
第二十一条 各国驻华外交代表机构、领事机构,收取中国公民以人民币交付的签证费、认证费,如要求兑成外汇,必须经国家外汇管理总局或者分局批准。

第五章 对侨资企业、外资企业、中外合资经营企业及其人员的外汇管理
第二十二条 侨资企业、外资企业、中外合资经营企业的一切外汇收入,都必须存入中国银行;一切外汇支出,从其外汇存款帐户中支付。
前款企业必须定期向国家外汇管理总局或者分局填送外汇业务报表,国家外汇管理总局或者分局有权检查其外汇收支的活动情况。
第二十三条 侨资企业、外资企业、中外合资经营企业与中华人民共和国境内的企业或者个人之间的结算,除经国家外汇管理总局或者分局核准者外,都应当使用人民币。
第二十四条 侨资企业、外资企业、中外合资经营企业的外国合营者依法纳税后的纯利润和其他正当收益,可以向中国银行申请从企业的外汇存款帐户中汇出。
前款企业、外国合营者,如将外汇资本转移到中国境外,应当向国家外汇管理总局或者分局申请,从企业的外汇存款帐户中汇出。
第二十五条 侨资企业、外资企业、中外合资经营企业中的外籍职工和港澳职工依法纳税后,汇出或者携出外汇,以不超过其本人工资等正当净收益的百分之五十为限。
第二十六条 依法停止营业的侨资企业、外资企业、中外合资经营企业,在中国境内的未了债务、税务事项,应当在有关主管部门和国家外汇管理总局或者分局的共同监督下,负责按期清理。

第六章 对外汇、贵金属和外汇票证等进出国境的管理
第二十七条 携带外汇、贵金属、贵金属制品进入中国国境,数量不受限制;但是,必须向入境地海关申报。
携带或者复带外汇出境,海关凭中国银行证明或者凭原入境时的申报单放行。
携带或者复带贵金属、贵金属制品出境,海关区别情况按照国家规定或者按照原入境时的申报单放行。
第二十八条 携带人民币旅行支票、旅行信用证等人民币外汇票证,入境时,海关凭申报单放行;出境时,海关凭中国银行证明或者凭原入境时的申报单放行。
第二十九条 居住在中国境内的中国人,持有境外的债券、股票、房地契,以及同处理境外债权、遗产、房地产和其他外汇资产有关的各种证书、契约,非经国家外汇管理总局或者分局批准,不得携带、托带或者邮寄出境。
第三十条 居住在中国境内的中国人、外国侨民和无国籍人所持有的人民币支票、汇票、存折、存单等人民币有价凭证,不得携带、托带或者邮寄出境。

第七章 附 则
第三十一条 对违反本条例规定者,任何单位、个人都有权检举揭发。对检举揭发有功的单位、个人,给予奖励。对违法案件,由国家外汇管理总局、分局,或者由公安部门、工商行政管理部门、海关,按其情节轻重,强制实行收兑外汇,单处或者并处罚款、没收财物,或者由司法机
关依法惩处。
第三十二条 经济特区、边境贸易和边民往来的外汇管理办法,由有关省、市、自治区人民政府根据本条例规定结合当地具体情况制订,报国务院批准后施行。
第三十三条 本条例的施行细则,由国家外汇管理总局制定。
第三十四条 本条例自一九八一年三月一日起施行。(附英文)


Important Notice: (注意事项)

英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)

INTERIM REGULATIONS ON FOREIGN EXCHANGE CONTROL OF THE PEOPLE'S
REPUBLIC OF CHINA
(Promulgated by the State Council on December 18, 1980)

Chapter I General Provisions

Article 1
These Regulations are formulated for the purpose of strengthening foreign
exchange control, increasing national foreign exchange income and
economizing on foreign exchange expenditure so as to facilitate the
development of national economy and safeguard the rights and interests of
the country.
All foreign exchange income and expenditure, the issuance and circulation
of all kinds of payment instruments in foreign currency, and the carrying
of foreign exchange, precious metals and payment instruments in foreign
currency into and out of the territory of the People's Republic of China
shall be governed by these Regulations.
Article 2
Foreign exchange mentioned in these Regulations refers to:
a. foreign currencies, including banknotes, coins, etc.
b. securities in foreign currency, including government bonds, treasury
bills, corporate bonds and debentures, stocks, and interest coupons, etc.
c. instruments payable in foreign currency, including bills, drafts,
cheques, bank deposit certificates, postal savings certificates, etc.
d. other foreign exchange funds.
Article 3
The People's Republic of China pursues the policy of centralized control
and unified management of foreign exchange by the State.
The administrative agency of the People's Republic of China in charge of
foreign exchange control is the State Administration of Foreign Exchange
Control (SAFEC) and its branch offices.
The specialized bank of the People's Republic of China engaged in foreign
exchange business is the Bank of China. No other financial institution
shall engage in foreign exchange business, unless approved by the SAFEC.
Article 4
All Chinese and foreign organizations or individuals within the territory
of the People's Republic of China must, unless otherwise stipulated by
law, decrees and these Regulations, sell their foreign exchange to the
Bank of China. Any foreign exchange they required is to be sold to them by
the Bank of China in accordance with the plans approved by the State or
with relevant provisions.
The circulation, use and mortgage of foreign currency, the unauthorized
sales and purchases of foreign exchange, and the unlawful procurement of
foreign exchange or evasion of foreign exchange control by whatever means
are prohibited within the territory of the People's Republic of China.

Chapter II Foreign Exchange Control Relating to State Units and Collective Economic Organizations

Article 5
All the foreign exchange incomes and expenditures of State organs, units
of the armed forces, nongovernmental bodies, schools, State enterprises,
institutions and urban and rural collective economic organizations within
China's territory (hereinafter referred to as organizations within
territory) are all subject to planned control. Organizations within
territory are permitted to hold their retained foreign exchange in
accordance with the relevant provisions.
Article 6
Unless approved by the SAFEC or its branch offices, organizations within
territory shall not possess foreign exchange; deposit foreign exchange
abroad; offset foreign exchange expenditure against foreign exchange
income; or use the foreign exchange belonging to State organs stationed
abroad or enterprises and institutions established in foreign countries or
in the Hong Kong and Macao regions by the State, by way of borrowing or
acquisition.
Article 7
Unless approved by the State Council, organizations within territory shall
not issue securities with foreign exchange value inside or outside China.
Article 8
With regard to loans to be accepted by organizations within territory from
banks or enterprises in foreign countries or in the Hong Kong and Macao
regions, the relevant competent departments under the State Council or the
relevant people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and
municipalities directly under the Central Government shall consolidate and
draw up overall annual plans for such loans which must be submitted to the
SAFEC and the Foreign Investment Control Commission for examination and
transmission to the State Council for approval.
The measures for examining and approving such loans shall be prescribed
separately.
Article 9
Any foreign exchange held by organizations within territory, including
their retained foreign exchange, non-trade foreign exchange and foreign
exchange under compensatory trade received in advance and reserved for
later payments, funds borrowed in convertible foreign currencies and other
foreign exchange held with the approval of the SAFEC or its branch offices
must be placed in foreign currency deposit accounts or foreign currency
quota accounts to be opened with the Bank of China, and must be used
within the prescribed scope and be subject to the supervision of the Bank
of China.

Article 10
When organizations within territory import or export goods, the banks
handling the transactions shall check their foreign exchange receipts and
payments either against the import or export licenses duly verified by the
Customs or against the Customs declaration forms for imports or exports.
Article 11
State organs stationed abroad must use foreign exchange according to the
plan approved by the State.
The profits derived from their business operations by enterprises and
institutions established in foreign countries or in the Hong Kong and
Macao regions, except for the portion kept there as working funds
according to the plan approved by the State, must be transferred back on
schedule and be sold to the Bank of China.
No organization stationed abroad is permitted to keep foreign exchange for
organizations within territory without authorization.
Article 12
Delegations and working groups sent temporarily to foreign countries or to
the Hong Kong and Macao regions must use foreign exchange according to
their respective specific plans, and must, upon completion of their
missions and return, promptly transfer back to China their surplus foreign
exchange to be checked by and sold to the Bank of China. Foreign exchange
earned in their various business activities by the delegations and working
groups mentioned in the preceding paragraph and by members thereof, must
be promptly transferred back to China and must not be kept abroad without
the approval of the SAFEC or its branch offices.

Chapter III Foreign Exchange Control Relating to Individuals

Article 13
Foreign exchange remitted from foreign countries or from the Hong Kong and
Macao regions to Chinese, foreign nationals and stateless persons residing
in China must be sold to the Bank of China, except the portion retained as
permitted by the State.
Article 14
Chinese, foreign nationals and stateless persons residing in China shall
be permitted to keep in their own possession foreign exchange already in
China.
The foreign exchange mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall not,
without authorization, be carried or sent out of China either by owners or
by others or by post. If the owners need to sell the foreign exchange,
they must sell it to the Bank of China and are permitted to retain a
portion of the foreign exchange according to the percentage prescribed by
the State.
Article 15
When the foreign exchange that has been kept in foreign countries or in
the Hong Kong and Macao regions by Chinese residing in China prior to the
founding of the People's Republic of China, by overseas Chinese prior to
their returning to and settling down in China, or by Hong Kong and Macao
compatriots prior to their returning to and settling down in their native
places, is transferred to China, the owners shall be permitted to retain a
portion of the foreign exchange according to the percentage prescribed by
the State.
Article 16
When the foreign exchange belonging personally to individuals sent to work
or study in foreign countries or in the Hong Kong and Macao regions is
remitted or brought back to China, the owners, upon the completion of
their missions and return, shall be permitted to retain the entire amount
of the foreign exchange.
Article 17
The percentages of foreign exchange retention permitted under Articles 13,
14, and 15 of these Regulations shall be prescribed separately.
Foreign exchange retained by individuals as permitted under Articles 13,
14, 15, and 16 of these Regulations must be deposited with the Bank of
China. These foreign exchange deposits may be sold to the Bank of China or
remitted out of China through the Bank of China, or taken out of China
against certification by the Bank of China. It is however not permitted,
without authorization, to carry or send deposit certificates out of China
either by holders or by others or by post.

Article 18
The foreign exchange remitted or brought into China from foreign countries
or from the Hong Kong and Macao regions by foreign nationals coming to
China, by overseas Chinese and Hong Kong and Macao compatriots returning
for a short stay, by foreign experts, technicians, staff members and
workers engaged to work in organizations within China, and by foreign
students and trainees, may be kept in their own possession, or sold to or
deposited with the Bank of China, or remitted or taken out of China.
Article 19
Chinese, foreign nationals and stateless persons residing in China may
apply to the local branch offices of the SAFEC for the purchase of foreign
exchange to be remitted or taken out of China. Upon approval of such
applications, the required foreign exchange shall be sold to the
applicants by the Bank of China.
When foreign experts, technicians, staff members and workers engaged to
work in organizations within territory are to remit or take out of China
their foreign exchange, the Bank of China shall handle the matter in
accordance with the stipulations as provided in the relevant contracts or
agreements.

Chapter IV Foreign Exchange Control Relating to Foreign Resident Representative Offices in China and Their Personnel

Article 20
Foreign exchange remitted or brought into China from foreign countries or
from the Hong Kong and Macao regions by foreign diplomatic missions,
consular posts, commercial offices, offices of international organizations
and nongovernmental bodies resident office in China, foreign diplomatic
and consular officers as well as other resident staff members of the
aforesaid missions, posts and offices, may be kept in their own
possession, or sold to or deposited with the Bank of China, or remitted or
taken out of China.
Article 21
The conversion into foreign currency, if required, of visa and
certification fees received in Renminbi from Chinese citizens by foreign
diplomatic missions and consular posts in China, is subject to approval by
the SAFEC or its branch offices.

Chapter V Foreign Exchange Control Relating to Enterprises with Overseas Chinese Capital, Foreign-Capital Enterprises, and Chinese- Foreign Equity Joint Ventures and Their Personnel

Article 22
All foreign exchange receipts of enterprises with overseas Chinese
capital, foreign-capital enterprises and Chinese-foreign equity joint
ventures must be deposited with the Bank of China, and all their foreign
exchange disbursements must be effected from their foreign exchange
deposit accounts.
The enterprises mentioned in the preceding paragraph must periodically
submit their statements of foreign exchange business to the SAFEC or its
branch offices, all of which are empowered to check on the movements of
the foreign exchange receipts and payments of these enterprises.
Article 23
Except where otherwise approved by the SAFEC or its branch offices,
Renminbi shall in all cases be used in the settlement of accounts between
enterprises with overseas Chinese capital, foreign-capital enterprises,
Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures on the one hand and other
enterprises or individuals residing in the People's Republic of China on
the other hand.
Article 24
Enterprises with overseas Chinese capital, foreign-capital enterprises and
foreign joint venturers in Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures may apply
to the Bank of China for remitting abroad their net profits as well as
other legitimate earnings after taxation according to law, by debiting the
foreign exchange deposit accounts of the enterprises concerned.
Where the enterprises and foreign joint ventures mentioned in the
preceding paragraph are to transfer foreign exchange capital abroad, they
shall apply to the SAFEC or its branch offices for the transfer by
debiting the foreign exchange deposit accounts of the enterprises
concerned.
Article 25
An amount not exceeding 50% of their after-tax legitimate net earnings
from wages, etc. may be remitted or taken out of China in foreign
currency by staff members and workers of foreign nationality and those
from the Hong Kong and Macao regions employed by enterprises with overseas
Chinese capital, foreign-capital enterprises and Chinese-foreign equity
joint ventures.
Article 26
Enterprises with overseas Chinese capital, foreign-capital enterprises and
Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures which wind up operations in
accordance with legal procedure, shall be responsible for the liquidation,
within the scheduled period, of their outstanding liabilities and taxes
due in China under the joint supervision of the relevant competent
departments and the SAFEC or its branch offices.

Chapter VI Control Relating to Carrying Foreign Exchange, Precious Metals and Payment Instruments in Foreign Currency into and out of China

Article 27
No restriction as to the amount is imposed on the carrying into China of
foreign exchange, precious metals and objects made from them, but
declaration to the Customs is required at the place of entry.
To carry out of China foreign exchange or the foreign exchange previously
brought in shall be permitted by the Customs against certification by the
Bank of China or against the original declaration form filled out at the
time of entry.
To carry out of China precious metals and objects made from them or the
precious metals and objects made from them previously brought in shall be
permitted by the Customs according to the specific circumstances as
prescribed by State regulations or against the original declaration form
filled out at the time of entry.
Article 28
To bring into China Renminbi traveller's cheques, traveller's letters of
credit and other Renminbi payment instruments convertible into foreign
currency shall be permitted by the Customs against the declaration form
filled out at the Customs; and to take the same out of China shall be
permitted by the Customs against certification by the Bank of China or
against the original declaration form filled out at the time of entry.
Article 29
Unless otherwise approved by the SAFEC or its branch offices, it is not
permitted to carry or send out of China by holders or by others or by post
such certificates and deeds held by Chinese residing in China as bonds,
debentures, share certificates issued abroad; title deeds for real estate
abroad; other documents or deeds involving the disposal of creditor's
right, inheritance, real estate or other foreign exchange assets abroad.
Article 30
The carrying or sending out of China of Renminbi instruments, such as
Renminbi cheques, drafts, passbooks and deposit certificates, held by
Chinese or foreign nationals or stateless persons residing in China, is
not permitted, either by holders or by others or by post.

Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions

Article 31
All units and individuals have the right to report any violation of these
Regulations. Rewards shall be given to such units or individuals
according to the merits of the report. Violators shall be penalized by the
SAFEC, its branch offices or by public security organs, or by
administrative departments of industry and commerce, or by the Customs. In
light of the seriousness of the offence, the penalties may take the form
of compulsory exchange of the foreign currency for Renminbi, or fine or
confiscation of the properties or both, or punishment by judicial organs
according to law.
Article 32
The exchange control measures for special economic zones, for frontier
trade and for personal dealings between inhabitants across the border
shall be formulated, in accordance with these Regulations, by the people's
governments of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities
directly under the Central Government in the light of actual local
conditions, be submitted to the State Council for approval and be enforced
thereupon.
Article 33
Rules for the implementation of these Regulations shall be formulated by
the SAFEC.
Article 34
These Regulations shall enter into effect on March 1, 1981.



1980年12月18日

国务院办公厅关于加强人工影响天气工作的通知

国务院办公厅


国务院办公厅关于加强人工影响天气工作的通知

国办发(2005)22号 二○○五年四月四日


人工影响天气是人类运用现代科学技术,对局部大气施加影响,实现增雨雪、防雹、消雨、消雾、防霜等趋利避害目的的活动。近年来,我国人工影响天气工作在抗灾减灾、缓解水资源短缺和生态建设等方面发挥了重要作用。但也存在缺乏长远规划、科技水平不高、统一协调和指挥机制尚未形成等问题。为进一步加强人工影响天气工作,经国务院同意,现就有关问题通知如下:

一、充分认识人工影响天气工作的重要性。我国是世界上气象灾害频繁发生、干旱严重的国家之一。特别是20世纪90年代以来,受气候变化影响,极端天气气候现象增多,水资源短缺日趋严重,已成为制约我国经济社会发展的重要因素。开展人工影响天气工作,不仅是农业抗旱和防雹减灾的需要,而且是水资源安全保障、生态建设和保护等方面的需要,对于实现人与自然的和谐,促进经济社会的可持续发展,具有十分重要的意义。各地区、各有关部门要进一步提高认识,总结经验,完善机制,不断提高人工影响天气的效益和水平。

二、坚持统筹规划,搞好科学论证。要认真组织科学论证,按照建立统一协调的指挥和作业体系、建设性能优良的监测和作业设备及设施的要求,提出分期目标、任务和措施,编制“十一五”全国和地方人工影响天气发展规划,按程序报批后实施。

三、充分挖掘潜力,提高作业能力。要充分利用已建气象基础设施,挖掘现有设备和设施的潜力,发挥高射炮、火箭发射装置等地面作业设备和飞机联动作业的作用,提高人工增雨、防雹和消雾等方面的作业能力。要运用市场机制,提高租用飞机的利用率,增强人工增雨的作业能力。同时,要进一步开发已建新一代天气雷达的有关功能,用于人工影响天气作业的服务。

四、突出工作重点,加强人工增雨。要将缓解严重缺水地区的水资源短缺问题作为今后人工影响天气工作的重点。城市供水和工农业用水紧缺地区的水源地及其上游地区,要积极开展人工增雨作业,加大作业力度,增加降雨量。有关部门要加强对跨省区、跨流域人工影响天气作业的组织协调和指导,大力支持严重缺水地区的人工增雨工作。

五、完善投入机制,加大投入力度。人工影响天气属于公益性事业,资金投入以地方人民政府为主。水资源严重短缺的地区,要进一步加大对人工增雨的投入力度,所需经费要纳入财政预算,建立长期、稳定的投入机制。有关部门要按照相关规划的要求,安排部分国债投资用于新一代气象雷达建设。

六、加强科研和科普工作,完善技术支撑体系。要加强人工影响天气基础理论和应用技术的研究,针对工作中急需解决的突出问题进行科研攻关。有关部门和科研单位要将人工影响天气作为重点科研课题,通力协作,联合开展系统的科学研究和试验。要对人工影响天气的过程和效果进行定性和定量研究,进一步提高作业效益。要积极推广和应用现有科研成果,加强人工影响天气科学知识的普及工作。

七、健全规章制度,确保作业安全。要健全安全生产责任制,完善作业规范和操作规程,制订事故应急救援预案,建立作业安全保障机制。要加强对作业人员的岗位培训和作业设备的管理,严格操作程序,保证人工影响天气作业的及时、安全、有效。

八、加强领导,明确责任。要充分发挥全国人工影响天气协调会议的组织、协调和指导作用,完善人工影响天气科技咨询评议制度。地方各级人民政府要切实加强对人工影响天气工作的领导,建立和完善有效的工作协调机制,明确工作任务和职责,落实各项措施,保障人工影响天气工作的顺利开展。